Diphtheria: A Preventable Yet Serious Bacterial Infection

Understanding Diphtheria

Diphtheria is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It primarily affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, such as the nose, throat, and tonsils.

Causes and Transmission

Diphtheria is spread through direct contact with infected respiratory droplets or contaminated objects. It can be transmitted via coughing, sneezing, or sharing food or drinks with an infected person.

Symptoms of Diphtheria

The incubation period for diphtheria is typically 2-5 days. Once infected, symptoms can range from mild to severe:

Mild Symptoms

• Sore throat
• Low-grade fever
• Swollen lymph nodes

Severe Symptoms

• Thick, gray-white membrane covering the throat and tonsils
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing
• Hoarseness
• Cyanosis (bluish tint to the skin)
• Paralysis of the muscles involved in breathing and swallowing

Note: If you experience any of these severe symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.

Complications of Diphtheria

Untreated diphtheria can lead to serious complications, including:

• Heart failure
• Kidney failure
• Nerve damage
• Death

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diphtheria is diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and confirmed through laboratory testing. Treatment involves administering diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics to kill the bacteria.

Prevention

Diphtheria is a preventable disease through vaccination. The diphtheria vaccine is typically administered as part of the childhood immunization schedule.

Outbreaks and Recent News

Outbreaks of diphtheria still occur in regions with low vaccination coverage. Stay informed about any news or updates regarding diphtheria outbreaks in your area.

Additional Resources

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on Diphtheria
• World Health Organization (WHO) on Diphtheria

Diphtheria Symptoms